Media Censorship in Russia and the World

During my final week of classes I finished a video project for my globalization and technology class. I'd like to share this project because it displays the importance of rhetoric and free speech across the globe.

Media censorship has continued to be a problem for individuals, journalists and even internet service providers. While communist countries such as Cuba and China are able to fully block online and print information from the reaching the public, others desperately try to limit informtion without stepping over the bounds of democracy.

In particular, Russia had begun to crack down on freedom of press about a decade ago as journalists, photographers and editors were threatened to release anything negative about Russia and its government. As a consequence, about 22 media professionals were killed in order to silence their stories and information.

As a country known for its multitude of freedoms, America does not allow for the government to control the media. Consequently, the public takes the use of media for granted because Youtube, Facebook, Google and the rest of the internet is available at any time without any censorship.
Allowing news and information to be censored in other countries severely limits rhetoric's ability to cause positive change in the world. Silencing one reporter indirectly silences millions of people who do not receive that information.

So how can we address the censorship happening around the world, leading to the deaths of journalists seeking the truth?

We can use our freedoms to continue their message. We can tweet, blog, post, chat and record information so that others know what is going on. Just maybe it can lead to a positive future filled with change for the better.

Linking in to the Future

With all the various social media tools out there it becomes difficult to know what sites and services to join. All of the various social media tools can benefit corporations with awareness and reputation management, but individuals searching for jobs don't always get the same results. Facebook can be too informal and Twitter doesn't apply to interviews so what's left?

The answer is Linkedin. This website is not just a social media tool, but also a major corporate networking site. Knowing how to correctly display your information and make contacts can build your reputation with future employers. According to blogs such as How to Change the World and TechRepublic, there are five main ways to use Linkedin correctly. When put together, you can create a greater online footprint and a positive reputation when entering the corporate world in search of a job.

The first way is to increase your visibility and improve your connections online. Instead of adding only a current job position, it is important to add all previous jobs and positions so you can create more connections. The more connections you have, the higher your name will appear on search results.

The second step is to improve your Google Pagerank by using search engine optimization. Those with Linkedin accounts show up pretty high on Google searches but you must select a public profile with a full view. Also customizing your profile's URL address to your actual name increases visibility so your profile can easily stand out in a search. Not only is your profile self-promoting, but it is also self-monitored so you have the power to control the information that others see.

The third step is to perform a reverse company reference check. Linkedin has a tool that allows companies to check references you provide on your profile, but you are also able to check the references of your future employer and company. Not only can you find out information from former employees, but you can also find out background information on your future employer. Background research gives you an advantage in the interview and could help you establish common ground with your employer.

The fourth step is to learn about the health of your company. Searching your company by unchecking the “Current Companies Only” box allows you to view former employee profiles and determine the turnover rate. Also contacting former employees will help you determine if the company is a right fit or if there are unknown risks involved with working there.

The final step is to ask for advice using Linkedin Answers. This new feature allows you to ask a business related question to people in your network or in a wider forum. It allows you to get a real answer from people who have direct links to the topic and it can help you understand your industry or company much better.

Just because social media exists doesn't mean everyone needs to jump onto every site and network. Choosing quality over quantity by using the right forum in the right way can ensure a successful interview and career. Using Linkedin is the best social media tool a recent graduate can use and it can lead to so many new opportunities and contacts that Facebook, Twitter and other sites can't provide.

Reversing Global Progess

All kinds of relations, including foreign and personal, depend on equal understanding between people. Sometimes good communication skills can be enough to establish common ground, but other times mindsets and beliefs are far too different to reach any kind of understanding. Whether they develop through nature or nature, a person's ideas and beliefs shape the way the world is seen and even the strongest communication skills cannot break through fortified belief systems.

Unfortunately, the world itself developed in different systems and stages, causing divisions between economic structure, political systems and living standards. Information also suffered a major division, especially during the technology boom. While we may not notice it, information is received very differently in first, second and third world countries. It can be filtered, altered, tweaked or even completely censored to control ideas and beliefs in different countries.

Frank Roby, CEO and founder of Concero Global, Inc., talked about the power and fear model in global communications and how it applies to both developed and developing countries. "There are third world situations in first world countries and first world situations in third world countries," said Roby.

The model places the following attributes to the different developing levels as follows:
First world: Truth or guilt
Second world: Honor or shame
Third world: Focus on survival, sense of limitation, live in fear

The model describes important ideas that can be labeled to each specific level, but sometimes these ideas can be seen over all three levels. Communication therefore takes on the task of relating information to all the different ideological systems while remaining focused and unbiased. The key is to connect the levels so that information does not get treated differently, causing information to fall subject to misinterpretation. "Things aren't isolated from each other, they're connected," said Roby.

While the world may be connected, information doesn't always stay connected the same way. Some governments censor the internet while others censor the newspapers. Radio managed to stay under the radar and programs like the BBC global radio has provided hundreds of countries with reliable information until recent budget cuts.

Due to lack of funding, BBC decided to cut out 69 languages from its global radio to stay within a smaller budget. Not only does this take away the ability to receive unbiased information, but it creates an opportunity for a government to control information through other media outlets. Those countries may start to shape their ideas and beliefs differently without accurate news and it would dramatically impact relations with the rest of the world.

As Roby discussed, unfortunately messages will be lost to those countries until a new solution can be found. As long as we continue to strive for truthful news and messages then we can continue to make an impact in all three levels of the world. Power and fear exists in all three levels, but information works to manage that balance by using communication as a channel. "Relationships strive for balance and communications works to achieve that balance," said Roby.

Power of the Majority

Social media has been the hot topic of communication professionals for a while, but now that the buzz about its potential has begun to die down companies are beginning to see its real effects. Social media not only contributes to the ease of communication, but it affects the dynamics of corporations and its audiences.

Matt Gobush, manager of corporate communications at ExxonMobil, talked to us about the changing influencing environment in corporate communications and the way new technology has changed the structure of audiences.

He presented the above pyramid of audience levels and explained how these numbers are beginning to change in dramatic ways. For companies who do not deal directly with general consumers, it made sense to target only the top 15% of the public with policy makers and opinion leaders. The attentive public made up about 25% while the general public made up about 50%.

Social media has now begun to collapse the pyramid because "technology is empowering the attentive public and influencing policy makers," said Gobush. With new technology and media, the general public is no longer kept in the dark and it allows everyone to voice opinions and ideas in large numbers that cannot be ignored by corporations and policy makers.

One of our previous speakers, Mike Lake, discussed target audiences as well but made it clear that the general public was divided with fairly solid lines from the upper opinion leaders and policy makers, at least in the world of online gaming politics.

Even if some industries will continue having strict differences between audience members, social media will somehow blur even the strongest lines into a more cohesive and interdependent audience. In the end it comes down to the strength of communications and the ability to accurately target your audience with correct messaging. "It's a universal skill and experience you can apply to a lot of areas," said Gobush.

Battle Between the Franchise

It is inevitable that global companies face some sort of crisis once in a while, but many are well prepared with large teams of communication specialists. Brinker International manages over 1,500 restaurants worldwide and yet their crisis communication team consists of only 4 people, making it difficult to tackle some heavy crisis issue if one were to develop.

Chili's and Maggiano's: The Two Brinker Brands

As part of that small group, Maureen Locus, the head of communications for Brinker International, discussed the difficulties of managing crisis communications in company owned restaurants as well as franchises.

While franchises, which are privately owned by individuals, are under certain contractual agreements with Brinker, they do not always abide by the same rules when it comes to communications and crises. For example, all franchises are given guide books with information about mission statements and other cultural aspects of the company to ensure consistency. They are even given numbers to call the specific help department when dealing with a major issue, but franchises do not always take advantage of Brinker's Restaurant Support Center.

Locus cannot control how or when information about a crisis is received from a franchise, so it becomes even more difficult to handle brand management when dealing with franchises over company owned restaurants. Despite this obstacle, Locus and her team do the best they can in dealing with crisis situations as they develop. The best way to handle any situation is to first make sure team members are briefed on some talking points and then to keep consistent messaging with the media.

Throughout it all though, whether it is a franchise or company-owned restaurant, Brinker makes sure the culture is extended to every team member in the company. At the end of the day, the most important thing is the Chili's or Maggiano's experience as it pertains to the guests as well as the team members. As Brinker states in its motto, Life is short; Work happy. Even if crises cannot be as controlled with franchises, Brinker's communication team strives to protect the brand as best as it can and ensure the longevity of its culture.

The Marriage Between Marketing and Communications

Communication hasn't always been a two-way street. Especially in the form of marketing and advertising, communication was all about getting the message across to consumers without worrying about feedback. Now that the internet has given power to blogs, Facebook, Twitter and other means of communication, companies have been forced to acknowledge the consumer and put them into the marketing equation.

Robert Martin, Principal and Managing Director of MM2 Public Relations, spoke to our class about the changing atmosphere of communications and how public relations practitioners are now part of marketing integration. "Now you're in on the discussions as the campaigns are evolving," said Martin.

As the world of communications changes to adapt to marketing, now marketing changes to incorporate more communication ideas. Martin discussed how the traditional 4 P's of marketing have changed to include 4 new concepts. The original included the following:

Product: What are you selling?
Price: What will your product cost to consumers?
Place: Where will you sell your product?
Promotion: How will you advertise your product?

Martin argued that the new ones have developed due to the rise of consumer feedback and input. "Consumers are sort of dictating what's happening in the world and in communications," said Martin. He believes this has led to the introduction of the following 4 concepts in marketing:

Portals/Platforms: What media tools and online outlets will you use to reach your audience?
Permission: Do you need permission from consumers to publish certain information on the internet?
Participation: How can you get your consumers to become interested and invested in your product?
Personalization: How can you personalize your message to reach a certain audience?

Everything has become focused on the consumer and thus communications has become a vital part of the marketing mix. Outlets for messages and advertisements are constantly changing and it is up to public relations practitioners to keep up with these outlets as well as the needs of the audiences. Communication in advertising is no longer about throwing your message blindly at the audience in hopes of a positive reception. "You can't assume you can dictate the entire conversation and get people to do what you want them to do," said Martin. "It's a little more interactive, a little more two way."

Legislation and the Internet

While many of our speakers have given great overviews about the public relations industry concerning jobs and trends, our latest speaker decided to take a different approach towards his speaking subject. Mike Lake, head of Southwest operations for Burson-Marsteller, gave an interesting presentation by walking us through a typical public relations strategy plan. We were all probably expecting a big name corporate campaign, but instead we learned about the political side of public relations concerning the current legislation for playing online poker.

Creating a messaging approach to teach people about the issue surrounding the legalization of online gaming was one of the most interesting parts of the presentation. Since the most influential people in politics live in D.C., it was natural to include D.C. elites, business leaders and key media as the targets for messaging. It is also important to include those that are influential in the world of gaming, but it struck me as interesting to find that influential bloggers and other "thought leaders" were some of the targets as well.

The internet has become a strong influential power in the world, but it's still difficult to grasp the idea of the internet being a powerful force in government or politics. Only recently has the power of Facebook, Twitter and Blogs been explored as evident with the successful revolt in Egypt, which became mobilized through the use of Facebook and the internet. "You get a lot more saturation online and people have more access to it," said Lake.

Blogs such as Full Contact Poker, PokerStars Blog and Bill's Poker Blog not only provide industry news, but also give tips and discuss strategies in an open forum with readers. While the writers of these blogs do not have the ability to pass laws, they most certainly have the ability to influence opinion because of their large following. As targets for a campaign to promote legislation for online poker, their opinions would get to the public audience much faster and more efficiently than through any political route. The internet is a hotbed for communication and "The digital stuff is the new frontier of our business," agreed Lake.

Whether you're trying to influence consumers to buy more Coca-Cola products or vote Republican in the next election, the internet remains a vital tool in relaying information out into the world. Those who write and publish information through the internet become just as important as members of legislation. Bloggers might as well be writing laws because readers treat their words as such. Whether or not online gaming becomes legalized, the way in which influential targets receive and transmit information about the legislation becomes the key to gaining a communications advantage.

Military Intervention for Libya

There was a very interesting line up of events for this year's Communication Week and I was more than excited to attend the debate on military intervention in humanitarian causes on March 8, 2011. Both sides made excellent cases, considering the economics and politics of the issue as much as the psychology and humanity. I tend to be able to view both sides of any argument fairly equally, but in this case I believe the positive case for the issue won the debate.

When many people hear the term mass murder they tend to think about serial killers or bombings, but not often is that term associated with genocide. In many cases, genocide becomes synonymous with murder but it is difficult to differentiate the distinction when it comes to international issues. With the case of Libya, the people are begging and pleading America to help them but President Obama is hesitant to become involved. In an article from the Wall Street Journal, President Obama said he did not want to send in troops until Col. Gadhafi had left power. The only problem is that Gadhafi had formerly said he would not stop until he suppressed the uprisings using any means necessary. How can we as human beings ignore such a plea? Here are the three arguments the opposition made to explain why sometimes it's better not to become involved:

Negative

1. Interventions increase violence and problems, leading America to become viewed as a horrible "policeman".
2. Nonintervention can solve a crisis using diplomatic resolutions and other means such as jamming aircraft signals.
3. American intervention polarizes the world and can lead to political fallouts especially within the Muslim world.

As true as some of these statements might be in a few cases, I believe the following arguments for the positive side were much stronger:

Positive

1. Lives will be saved and it doesn't necessarily mean the situation will escalate to a full scale war.
2. Intervention increases U.S. credibility and trust.
3. It helps the economy and decreases oil prices and other inflated costs.
4. There is a great history of successful interventions where war does not occur, such as the case with Liberia.

America is strong enough to face criticism for failed attempts, but we are not strong enough to face criticism for letting people die when we had the ability to take action. Whether it increases or decreases anti-Americanism, we at least bring a high level of threat to other countries and our allies would not look poorly upon us for intervening. In fact, countries such as France are ready to take action, but they wait to follow the instruction of America as many other countries do. We therefore cannot just sit around having such power in our hands and refuse to do anything for a country that is begging for our help.

Yes interventions don't always go as planned, but sitting by and doing nothing is almost worse than doing something and messing up. If we intervene with some form of military action or aid then it does not mean we will have to stay there until a new government is set up, as we did in Iraq. Instead of viewing Libya as another Iraq we should view it as a humanitarian cause that is on the verge of becoming an issue of genocide. With hundreds more dying every day it becomes more of an issue of humanity instead of politics. We need to waste less time negotiating with a dictator and focus more on mobilizing an effort of intervention.

Endless Opportunities

It seems as though opportunities can be found anywhere for an eager communications student nearing college graduation. There are various outlets for applying communications, but many students have difficulty deciding between corporate and agency public relations. This week's guest speakers were able to shed some light on the positive aspects of the agency side of public relations and how diverse it can be compared to a corporate job. As part of the Consumer Marketing division of Edelman, Senior Vice President Jennifer Little and Account Executive Ashley Maddocks work with a variety of clients as compared to one account in a corporation.

"It gives you lots of opportunities you might not get working at a place with one account," said Ashley Maddocks. She is able to work with Dickies, EBay, Unilever, Xbox and various other brands that make her work more entertaining and diverse. While Jennifer Little can attest to the corporate side having its share of fun events after working as the Director of Public Relations for Pizza Hut, there are still major differences.

With a corporation you have one specific set of needs to fulfill because you are working for one client as opposed to juggling various needs for many different clients. Although both jobs can be hectic, your attention is more strictly focused on one client in a corporation. As far as job descriptions go, both corporations and agencies will have the opportunity to work with brand management, crisis control and other specialized work although it is more divided among employees in an agency.

"In a larger office you get larger pieces of business," said Little. Your responsibilities are generally the same whether you have one large client or several, but in an agency your work is spread out more. As an account executive you would still be doing client services, writing, managing projects and planning for the account but your focus might be more towards brand management instead of creating campaigns. Everything really depends on what kind of atmosphere you enjoy. If you enjoy multitasking then an agency might be a better fit.

"The one reason PR is great is because you have lots of opportunities to do things no one else does," said Maddocks. One day you're writing press releases nonstop and the next you could be helping prepare a famous spokesperson to appear in a commercial. While a corporate job is fun and rewarding in its own right, there is a greater diversity that an agency brings to the table. For example, Edelman is made up of various specialty units dealing with brand experience, crisis, financial, government, marketing, public affairs, sports, entertainment and travel among various other areas in communications. Not only does this mean more job opportunities, but also more opportunities to find something specific you love to do.

TI's Corporate Nature

Corporate social responsibility became a topic of interest several years ago when companies began to change their behaviors due to pressure from society. People wanted to see large corporations do more for the community and the people that have given them such fiscal success. Since then, many companies created initiatives to volunteer time and donate money to communities and non-profits but not all of them have made these efforts part of their corporate culture. At Texas Instruments, doing good is more than just part of the job description.

Gail Chandler, APR, discussed the unique corporate environment in which she works and shared insight about TI's wonderful social responsibility efforts. These efforts were made possible by employees who truly enjoy what they do instead of being forced to participate in mandatory activities. These employees have not only helped create a wonderful image for TI, but they have helped create better communities in Dallas and all over the world.

"It's embedded in our culture to be involved in the community," said Chandler. TI's 28,000 employees have done things such as donate time to tutor children in a DISD school, create programs to educate more girls in science, and given aide to countries overseas. For TI's 25th anniversary in India, employees planted 25 trees for Earth Day, participated in various innovation contests with awards, and received free dialysis treatment for themselves and their family members. Similar events have been done in China for TI's 30th anniversary where schools were given money and multimedia equipment to further science education.

A dialysis patient in India who was cheered up by TI employees 



Students from a Chinese school that received multimedia classrooms from TI

"Throughout it all, the company has never changed its commitment to the community," said Chandler. This is not due to brainwashing or incentives, but the simple belief that global companies should have the greatest opportunity to make the biggest changes in the world. Employees are given every tool to make changes themselves and this is what drives the corporate culture at TI. People who know they can make a difference will be more willing to participate in efforts. TI's global status has become more than just a fiscal accomplishment; it has become a great humanitarian one as well.

Keeping it Simple

From various courses and lectures, we have learned the many ways communication works in the world but we have rarely heard it told to us so straightfoward. Ken Fairchild, a pioneer in the field for over 40 years, layed out exactly how he has seen communications develop and change over the years. One interesting topic he mentioned was the use of soundbites and how it affects the receiving of messages.

"This is the way to make your public hear your message," said Fairchild. Using soundbites is just as important as having a long and prepared speech, but it allows you to capture the attention of your audience without making them search for your message in a speech.

Fairchild explained that corporations are still afraid of the television and interviews ever since that medium changed the way communications were run. A terrible television interview can easily ruin a political candidate's position or destroy the image of a national brand. "Use the medium, don't let it use you," explained Fairchild. Use television to your advantage by summing up your message or points in a short phrase that can easily be repeated and remembered.

"All communication depends on the message," Fairchild repeated over and over. That was his message and he made sure we received it clearly without being lost in his lecture. Simple phrases, sentences or words are best remembered when repeated and stated firmly. He also added that confidence is key when delivering your message and it will go a long way in creating trust with your audience.

The objective is to have the audience trust you and love you. If you follow Fairchild's advice on keeping a consistent message through soundbites then your voice will resonate much louder with your audience. Reciting long and drawn out speeches won't help you connect with an audience that has a decreasing attention span. Choose your words carefully, keep them concise and  repeat them often.

Brand Management Emotionally, not Financially

A strong focus on corporate social responsibility in the past decade has drastically changed the face of business and communications in the global world. Companies no longer worry about just getting the product onto shelves or increasing market share. They now worry about how consumers view their brands and their image as a whole, which directly correlates to increased sales and market share. Deanna McKinley, the Public Relations Coordinator for Frito-Lay North America, spoke with us about her role in getting the word out about the great things Frito-Lay is doing to better our community and our individual lives.

The idea of connecting emotionally with consumers has pressured companies to come up with creative events, contests, fundraisers and anything else you can think of in order to say "We care about you!" While some companies may not come out with plans that work, Frito-Lay has come out with successful ways to relate the audience to their products and ideas. Deanna will tell you this is true for the following reasons:

All natural Sun Chips, Tostitos and Lay's chips














Frito-Lay understands the needs of its consumers

Whether you are a mother worried about healthy snacks for her children or a sports fan wanting to enjoy fun snacks for the game, Frito-Lay has a brand and a campaign directed towards you. For example, "A Woman's World" targeted women by creating animated webisodes depicting funny and relatable situations with a group of women. Specific to a brand, Doritos came out with the "Crash the Superbowl" campaign where people could submit videos about Doritos for a chance to win tickets to the game in February. While this campaign is aimed more towards men and sports fan, it nontheless provides entertaining videos for all viewers. Even for the general consumer, the “Made for Each Other” campaign highlights the perfect complement of salsa with Tostitos chips through cute and animated characters. The campaigns can range from lighthearted to comical, but they are always enjoyable and relatable in some way.


Deanna McKinley with Michelle "Mickey" Wynn



Frito-Lay reaches out to the community

Deanna described helping a woman who was fighting with Lupus to rebuild her roof as one of the most rewarding experiences in her career. To keep Mickey Wynn from being evicted from her home, Deanna helped put together a team of 15 Frito-Lay employees to fix her roof and provide her with a shopping spree at Costco. Simply knowing the right thing to do completely changed a woman’s life. Frito-Lay also put together bigger projects to help rebuilt Greensburg, Kansas in 2008 after a devastating tornado as well as Galveston after Hurricane Ike and New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. There may be a heavy importance placed on social responsibility, but not many companies go above and beyond to do the right thing and help out communities in need.  


The 100% electric Frito-Lay delivery truck














Frito-Lay focuses on eco-friendly solutions and alternatives

Although the biodegradable Sun Chips bags weren't completely successful with consumers because of the noise, Frito-Lay has not stopped trying to come up with new and innovative solutions for sustainability. Currently, they are working on a new Sun Chips bag design to decrease the level of noise while keeping the bag biodegradable. Frito-Lay is also running a campaign that focuses on the natural ingredients and local farming of its products. Not only is Frito-Lay focusing on individual products, but they are working on mastering an eco-friendly production process as well. Just several months ago in October of 2010, Frito-Lay released ten all-electric delivery trucks in the city of Columbus to help reduce emissions and increase fuel efficiency. If there is a way to reduce an impact on the environment, I believe Frito-Lay will be one of the first to find and master it.

These are just some of the biggest reasons why Frito-Lay is making such an emotional impact with its audience. Consumers love knowing what a company is doing to help better their world and Frito-Lay is certainly making a great impression.

"My job is to talk about what our associates are doing in the community", said McKinley. Even if the story does not get a lot of media attention, there is an emotional value that has no price. Touching your consumer's hearts with a kind gesture gives your reputation so much more worth than higher profits.

What makes a great company stand out from its competitors is not only worrying about what consumers are worried about, but also presenting solutions to those problems. That kind of trust and emotional connection will build lifelong and loyal consumers. Frito-Lay already knows that the best way to anyone's heart is through their stomach, but now their products come with an extra ingredient of compassion.

The Future in Communications

The world is changing so quickly and drastically that it becomes difficult to predict the future for any career or job. Thankfully we have learned ways to adapt to new technologies in order to keep up with everything and communicating is one of the best assets to have.

Studying communications has been an important tool in adjusting to the changing scheme of the world. So many companies and businesses struggle to maintain public perception of products and ideas because they do not know how to approach and relate to the new consumer. Whether it be selling electronics or lobbying political bills, I want to be able to use my degree to better connect the population with products, tools and ideas that can produce positive change.

I am by no means a visionary, but I do see the potential of what the world can become instead of what it currently is. I may not end up working directly with third world countries and developing nations, but I will try to work with corporations that make it a priority to extend their aide to countries that desperately need the assistance. In developing and executing plans for change, communication becomes the most important step in the process. If I can help with any part of that process then I will be satisfied knowing that I was able to bring a company's idea for change to life.